Purpose: The science of interpretation, as the most important science responsible for understanding the Qur'an, needs to be methodized and updated so that the teachings of the Qur'an can be used easily for all classes of people. In the present study, the meaning of "future research in interpretation" is the ability to create desirable models for more efficient interpretation in the future, by using scientific tools, creativity and relying on the foundations and rules of interpretation and compensating the damages of interpretation in the past.Method: This research, with descriptive analytical method, answers the question, what are the fields and requirements of future research in interpretation? Findings: The results of the current research are based on the fact that special attention to the Qur'an, as the most important source of interpretation, rationality and methodical consideration in interpretation, attention to the prerequisites of interpretation, interpretation based on the requirements of the time, the need to pay attention to thematic interpretation, studying on the history of interpretation and observing the manners and conditions of interpretation are one of the most important requirements of interpretation in the future. Results: Considering the developments that will take place in the field of knowledge, methods and expectations from science in the future, the interpretation will also change. For this reason, in order not to cause various damages to the interpretation of the Qur'an, it is necessary to pay attention to the various contexts, principles and requirements of the interpretation of the Qur'anic commentators and scholars.

In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Interventional studies , especially in laboratory experimental researches , constitute a significant portion of the theses conducted in veterinary faculties across the country . The importance of these study designs in applied research and development underscores the necessity for students and researchers to be familiar with this design . This article begins with a brief history of this type of study . It then proceeds to introduce various types ( laboratory , clinical trials , field trials , social trials , quasi-experimental studies ) , the different phases of this design ( pharmacological and toxicity testing , initial testing for potential therapeutic and safety effects , clinical evaluation stage , post-marketing evaluation ) , and its various methods (parallel design , crossover design , sequential design , factorial design ) . This article also discusses the required sample size for conducting a study , criteria for entry and exit of study participants or animals , blinding and medical ethics . Given the importance of clinical trials , especially in terms of ethical considerations in research , the registration of this type of study after proposal development is also mentioned . This article refers to some examples of interventional studies published in Iran and worldwide so that students and researchers can use these designs as models . It is expected that the reader could critically read these type of articles and reports , published in scientific texts and play an effective role in conducting an experimental ( interventional ) study .

Juniper is the most important native conifer in Iran. Juniper as one of the most resistant tree species to extreme conditions, frost (up to -40°C) and drought, plays important role in mountainous regions of Iran. In this study, by investigation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oils ofleaves and berries (female cones), the effects of environmental factors were studied on metabolism of secondary products. The volatitale constituents of the Leaves and berries of male, female and male-female trees isolated by steam-distillation were analyzed by GC-MS.Results indicated that the amount of essential oil in berries is higher than that in leaves. Seasonal alteration of essential oil of berries differs from leaves. The essential oil of berries increase during growth period, however decreased in leaves. Besides drying has increasing effect on essential oil. In total 32 terpenoidic components were found that a-pinene, limonene, trans-verbenol, cisverbenol, verbenone, g- elemone and elemol were the important ones. a-pinene up to 70% of essential oil content was the highest component. Seasonal alteration of each component was very variable.Drying effect can be valuable for isolation of components and commercial applications.

Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.

1. Introduction Frequently, rainfalls with high intensity and/or low intensity but lasting for a long time cause landslides in many parts of the world (Lu and Godt, 2013). To be used in early warning systems, rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds generally are the key to predict the time and location of rainfall-induced landslides (Wieczorek and Glade, 2005). In the current study, the flume experiments are used to develop I-D thresholds and to investigate the effect of soil relative densities on it are described (Ahmadi-adli, 2014)...

In this study, cloud formation and its seeding efficiency at room temperature have been envestigated by different particles such as ambient aerosols, salt, and smoke induced by burning match. In the first step, the effect of ambient aerosol concentration on the time of clearing cloud was considered. Since the aerosols concentration is almost constant during the day, there for it is accepted as base point for comparison of not-seeded and seeded condition for cloud formation and precipitation. The effect of aerosols concentration variation in different days also was considered. In the second step, the effect of salt and smoke injected as seeding nuclei to the chamber on the cloud clearing time was studied. The salt solution density was used with 20, 30 and 40 g/lit. The time of cloud clearing by the salt nuclei is less than ambient aerosols. The results showed, the more salt solution density, the less cloud clearing time. In most experiments with increasing smoke concentration the precipitation increased too and extraordinary amounts of smoke concentration rarely caused cloud to be overseed. The experimental results on nucleation efficiency showed that hygroscopic and giant salt particles are more efficient than smaller smoke particles but with respect to higher concentrations of smoke it is observed that the cloud has precipitated in shorter time by smoke nuclei. In fact, if it would be possible to make the experiments under the quantity control coditions, the cloud could be cleaned with salt nuclei in the shorter time.

The aim of this study is to present a model for optimal selecting the characteristics of policy laboratories in the country's executive management. The research method is applicable in terms of its purpose; qualitative in terms of implementation, of content analysis type; and descriptive-exploratory research in terms of nature; and its main strategy is a comparative study of various policy laboratories suitable for the executive management of the country of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research elite community included 16 managers, policymakers, and researchers in the field of policymaking and policy with expertise related to the policy laboratory, researchers/faculty members active in the field of management and policymaking, leaders, theorists, and policy laboratory practitioners/activists in the field of public policy. They were referred to purposefully, using the snowball method; and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted using thematic analysis method, and MAXqda 2020 software was used to carry out the analysis process after open and axial coding. The results indicated that a total of 95 basic codes, 15 organizing themes, and 5 overarching themes were identified and extracted. In addition to identifying four basic approaches of the living laboratory, the results of the present study, consider data-based policymaking, behavioral insights and the serious game approach, the structure of the policy laboratory for executive management in a decentralized (divergent) manner and with active participation in various fields, considering the diversity of topics. Introduction In today's world, the speed of developments is increasing at a stunning rate, so the traditional policymaking mechanism of the past does not respond to today's conditions, and any mistake or delay in decision-making will cause irreparable damage to society. This has prompted policymakers in developed countries to take advantage of new possibilities. A policy refers to decisions and resolutions that determine the course of government action and include the stages of formulation, implementation, and evaluation (Kern & Rogge, 2018). These policies can have many positive and negative effects at the organizational and societal levels, the dimensions of which far exceed initial expectations and predictions, and may last for years and even generations (Jordan & Huitema, 2014). Policymaking is a complex and challenging process that deals with a variety of problems, issues, challenges, and target communities (Momen Kashani et al, 2020). The areas of expertise to be tested are also numerous and diverse, and different expert groups are needed for each. The point is that policymaking should be free from trial and error and focused on confronting issues wisely. Therefore, an experimental approach to policy-making is essential. Policy labs can be categorized according to the strategy of the lab, the organization of the lab, and the scientific discipline of the experts working in it (Haelg et al, 2019). The design logic of the lab is defined by necessity. Sometimes a large, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary lab is used, and sometimes temporary groups of experimenters can be used. On the other hand, policy labs can be divided into several types (McGann et al, 2017), labs with different capacities to address public problems and issues in different areas of society (Svensson, 2020). Today, with the rapid and extensive progress of science and technology, it is essential that all processes are re-examined and, while anticipating, before any action, or simultaneously with them, plans or resolutions are allowed to be tested. In order to implement the review, re-engineering issues and drawing them in a laboratory manner seems important in the current situation (Mankongsujarit, 2019). Given the failure of many policies that have been adopted, implemented and experienced in the past; avoiding the trial and error method emphasizes the necessity of establishing a policy laboratory in the government, which is essential to prevent inappropriate output and implementation, and conversely, its correct and effective implementation. In order to become familiar with the characteristics of the policy laboratory and benefit from the privilege of its existence, this research has attempted to achieve a balanced model for creating a suitable policy laboratory for the executive branch, while conducting a comparative study of policy laboratories in other countries. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer this question: What is the optimal selected model of the policy laboratory coordinates suitable for the country's executive management? Theoretical Framework Policy Lab A policy is a set of purposeful actions taken by an actor or set of actors to address a problem or issue of interest (Gofen & Golan, 2020). Policy labs are established with the aim of diagnosing and improving governance to identify why, where, and how each specific policy case occurred (Pourreezzat, 2021). Policy labs employ a wide range of tools, including stakeholder and policymaker meetings, research and data collection, workshops, and other innovative methods and tools, to generate the best ideas for desirable policy. The entry of policy laboratories into the design and policy-making process is not limited to a specific stage and can be entered at any stage of the policy-making process. In the research and problem identification stage, options are tested and reviewed, such as creating and visualizing policies and public programs. Borhani et al, (2022) examined the use of a qualitative meta-synthesis approach to present a policy laboratory design model. The results showed that the policy laboratory design model was presented in the form of 8 main categories including policy problem identification, policy laboratory staff, policy laboratory stakeholders, the role of the policy laboratory in government, policy laboratory programs, policy laboratory location, policy laboratory physical space, and expected policy laboratory output. Therefore, in order to identify the problems of society, policy laboratories should be established with the presence of policy experts as well as stakeholders in different areas of the country with appropriate facilities and physical space, which can identify the problems of society with proper planning, find solutions to these problems in cooperation with different research groups, and implement the explained policies in cooperation with the government and the sovereignty. "Policy Laboratories: Concepts, Tools, and Applications" is the title of a book about the policy laboratory written by Ghazi Nuri et al, (2021). This book emphasizes small-scale experiments conducted to collect feedback and reduce the costs of failure, and compares the similarities and differences of these laboratories globally with the aim of designing methods to inform policymakers. Research Methodology The research method is applicable in terms of its purpose; qualitative in terms of implementation, of content analysis type; and descriptive-exploratory research in terms of nature; and its main strategy is a comparative study of various policy laboratories suitable for the executive management of the country of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research elite community included 16 managers, policymakers, and researchers in the field of policymaking and policy with expertise related to the policy laboratory, researchers/faculty members active in the field of management and policymaking, leaders, theorists, and policy laboratory practitioners/activists in the field of public policy. They were referred to purposefully, using the snowball method; and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Research findings Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the findings and MAXqda 2020 software was used to implement the analysis process after open and axial coding. The results indicated that a total of 95 basic codes, 15 organizing themes, and 5 overarching themes were identified and extracted. In addition to identifying four basic approaches of the living laboratory, the results of the present study, consider data-based policymaking, behavioral insights and the serious game approach, the structure of the policy laboratory for executive management in a decentralized (divergent) manner and with active participation in various fields, considering the diversity of topics. Conclusion The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for optimal selecting the coordinates of the policy laboratory in the country's executive management. The results of this study are consistent with the results of Borhani et al, (2022), Pourezzat (2021), Etebariyan & Keshvariyan Azad (2019), Gheysari et al, (2019), and Mohammadi Fateh et al, (2017). Borhani et al, (2022) showed that the policy laboratory design model is presented in the form of 8 main categories including policy problem identification, policy laboratory staff, policy laboratory stakeholders, policy laboratory role in government, policy laboratory programs, policy laboratory location, policy laboratory physical space, and expected policy laboratory output. Therefore, in order to identify the problems of society, policy laboratories should be established with the presence of policy experts and stakeholders in different areas of the country with appropriate facilities and physical space, which can identify the problems of society with proper planning, find solutions to these problems in cooperation with different research groups, and implement the explained policies in cooperation with the government. According to the results of the research, the following suggestions were made: In the first step, the selection of policy areas depends on the prioritization of government organizations and consideration of the issues of the target community and the way of enacting laws. Therefore, various agencies should activate the policy sub-laboratory appropriate for themselves, under a central laboratory, with different scientific and practical expertise.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine with a genetic predisposition. The gold standard for CD diagnosis is evaluating small bowel biopsy samples. As biopsy sampling is an invasive procedure, researchers focus on finding an alternative non-invasive test that can detect CD at an earlier stage. We aimed to investigate the laboratory finding of patients with CD to introduce new diagnostic biomarkers for this disorder. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study laboratory results of 175 patients with celiac were evaluated. Subjects were analyzed through following variables: age, sex, Marsh classification, hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, platelets, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocytes, ferritin, liver enzymes, fat profile, iron profile, calcium, and phosphorus. SPSS software, version 22, was used for analysis. Results: 69 (39. 4%) patients were men and 106 (60. 6%) were women with a mean age of 34. 4 years. The extraintestinal symptoms were predominant which anemia (28. 6%), microcytic erythrocytes (20%) and hypochromic RBCs (26. 9%) were the most laboratory findings. Hypertransaminasemia, low ferritin, hypocalcemia and leukemia was reported in 23. 4%, 17. 1%, 5. 7% and 4. 7% of patients respectively. According to the pathological classification: 23 (13. 1%) patients were Marsh I, 29 (16. 6%) patients Marsh II, and 118 (67. 4%) patients Marsh III. Conclusion: The lack of food, vitamins and minerals can be evaluated through laboratory studies and may open the door to early detection of the disease.